Temporary residence

暂住 (zàn zhù): temporary residence

Lining up at a Beijing police station in Beijing in 2008. The city stepped up its enforcement of temporary residence permits before the Olympics. (Beijing Daily)

Police officer weeding out people without the proper permit. (Southern Metropolis Weekly)

Runner #2 is chained to a post labeled “out-of-town residency.” (Global Times)

The residential status of migrants without local household registration (户口 hùkǒu). These individuals must obtain temporary residence permits to work or live in certain major cities , including the metropolises of Beijing, Shanghai, and Chongqing. Those in the cities without a temporary residence permit may be fined or deported.

While the disparity in development between China’s countryside and urban areas has made it economically necessary for many rural migrants to live as temporary residents in large cities, the permit system prevents them from enjoying the same privileges and rights as city natives.

The legality of these temporary residence permits is questionable, following the abolition of a similar national system. Many scholars find cities’ current systems of temporary residence permits to be unconstitutional. However, cities such as Beijing and Shanghai insist that the permits are necessary to limit migration and maintain order. Some cities have changed the name of the permits from “temporary residence permit” to “residence permit” while retaining the same basic system.

Online, “temporary residence” is applied to all Chinese citizens. Without the right to own property, and with many forced out of their homes for development, everyone and everything is impermanent:

深圳老崔: We Have No Country: We don’t have any land, houses, even cemeteries that truly belong to us. We don’t have the right to choose how many children we have, to cross the border freely, or to speak freely. We don’t have the power to protect ourselves from unfair treatment. We aren’t citizens, we are denizens, renters with temporary residence on this piece of earth called China. Without any change, you can make us love the whole world, but please don't bring up love of country. We don't have a country!

【我们没有国】我们没有真正属于自己的土地、房屋甚至墓地，没有生育权，没有出入境以及言论的自由，没有保护自己不受不公平待遇的能力，我们不是公民而是居民，我们是一群暂住在中国这片土地上的租客。在这一切没有得到改变之前，你可以让我热爱地球，但请不要跟我谈什么爱国，我们根本没有国！